This reference book provides a comprehensive insight into todays diesel injection systems and electronic control. It focusses on minimizing emissions and exhaust-gas treatment. Innovations by Bosch in the field of diesel-injection technology have made a significant contribution to the diesel boom. Calls for lower fuel consumption, reduced exhaust-gas emissions and quiet engines are making greater demands on the engine and fuel-injection systems.

Contents
2 History of the diesel engine
3 Rudolf Diesel
4 Mixture formation in the first diesel engines
5 Use of the first vehicle diesel engines
8 Bosch diesel fuel injection
12 Areas of use for diesel engines
12 Suitability criteria
12 Applications
15 Engine characteristic data
16 Basic principles of the diesel engine
16 Method of operation
19 Torque and power output
20 Engine efficiency
23 Operating statuses
27 Operating conditions
29 Fuel-injection system
30 Combustion chambers
34 Fuels
34 Diesel fuel
41 Alternative fuels for diesel engines
46 Cylinder-charge control systems
46 Overview
47 Turbochargers and superchargers
56 Swirl flaps
57 Intake air filters
60 Basic principles of diesel fuel injection
60 Mixture distribution
62 Fuel-injection parameters
71 Nozzle and nozzle holder designs
72 Overview of diesel fuel-injection systems
72 Designs
78 Fuel supply system to the low-pressure
stage
78 Overview
80 Fuel filter
82 Fuel-supply pump
86 Miscellaneous components
88 Supplementary valves for in-line
fuel-injection pumps
90 Overview of discrete cylinder systems
90 Type PF discrete injection pumps
92 Unit injector system (UIS) and unit pump
system (UPS)
94 System diagram of UIS for passenger cars
96 System diagram of UIS/UPS for commercial
vehicles
98 Unit injector system (UIS)
98 Installation and drive
99 Design
102 Method of operation of UI for
passenger cars
105 Method of operation of UI for
commercial vehicles
107 High-pressure solenoid valve
110 Unit pump system (UPS)
110 InstalIation and drive
110 Design
112 Current-controlled rate shaping (CCRS)
114 Overview of common-rail systems
114 Areas of application
115 Design
116 Operating concept
120 Common-rail system for passenger cars
125 Common-rail system for commercial
vehicles
128 High-pressure components of common-rail
system
128 Overview
130 Injector
142 High-pressure pumps
148 Fuel rail (high-pressure accumulator)
149 High-pressure sensors
150 Pressure-control valve
151 Pressure-relief valve
152 Injection nozzles
154 Pintle nozzles
156 Hole-type nozzles
160 Future development of the nozzle
162 Nozzle holders
164 Standard nozzle holders
165 Stepped nozzle holders
166 Two-spring nozzle holders
167 Nozzle holders with needle-motion sensors
168 High-pressure lines
168 High-pressure connection fittings
169 High-pressure delivery lines
172 Start-assist systems
172 Overview
173 Preheating systems
178 Minimizing emissions inside of the engine
179 Combustion process
181 Other impacts on pollutant emissions
183 Development of homogeneous combustion
processes
184 Diesel fuel injection
196 Exhaust-gas recirculation
199 Positive crankcase ventilation
200 Exhaust-gas treatment
201 NOx storage catalyst
204 Selective catalytic reduction of
nitrogen oxides
210 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
218 Diesel oxidation catalyst
220 Electronic Diesel Control (EDC)
220 System overview
223 In-line fuel-injection pumps
224 Helix and port-controlled axial-piston
distributor pumps
225 Solenoid-valve-controlled axial-piston and
radial-piston distributor pumps
226 Unit Injector System (UIS) for passenger
cars
227 Unit Injector System (UIS) and Unit Pump
System (UPS) for commercial vehicles
228 Common Rail System (CRS) for passenger
cars
229 Common Rail System (CRS) for commercial
vehicles
230 Data processing
232 Fuel-injection control
243 Further special adaptations
244 Lambda closed-loop control for passengercar
diesel engines
249 Torque-controlled EDC systems
252 Control and triggering of the remaining
actuators
253 Substitute functions
254 Data exchange with other systems
255 Serial data transmission (CAN)
260 Application-related adaptation 1) of car
engines
264 Application-related adaptation 1) of
commercial vehicle engines
269 Calibration tools
272 Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
272 Operating conditions
272 Design and construction
272 Data processing
278 Sensors
278 Automotive applications
278 Temperature sensors
280 Micromechanical pressure sensors
283 High-pressure sensors
284 Inductive engine-speed sensors
285 Rotational-speed (rpm) sensors and
incremental angle-of-rotation sensors
286 Hall-effect phase sensors
288 Accelerator-pedal sensors
290 Hot-film air-mass meter HFM5
292 LSU4 planar broad-band Lambda
oxygen sensor
294 Half-differential short-circuiting-ring sensors
295 Fuel-level sensor
296 Fault diagnostics
296 Monitoring during vehicle operation
(on-board diagnosis)
299 On-board diagnosis system for passenger
cars and light-duty trucks
306 On-board diagnosis system for heavy-duty
trucks
308 Service technology
308 Workshop business
312 Diagnostics in the workshop
314 Testing equipment
316 Fuel-injection pump test benches
318 Testing in-line fuel-injection pumps
322 Testing helix and portcontrolled distributor
injection pumps
326 Nozzle tests
328 Exhaust-gas emissions
328 Overview
328 Major components
330 Combustion byproducts
332 Emission-control legislation
332 Overview
334 CARB legislation (passenger cars/LDT)
338 EPA legislation (passenger cars/LDT)
340 EU legislation (passenger cars/LDT)
342 Japanese legislation (passenger cars/LDTs)
343 U.S. legislation (heavy-duty trucks)
344 EU legislation (heavy-duty trucks)
346 Japanese legislation (heavy-duty trucks)
347 U.S. test cycles for passenger cars
and LDTs
349 European test cycle for passenger cars
and LDTs
349 Japanese test cycle for passenger cars
and LDTs
350 Test cycles for heavy-duty trucks
352 Exhaust-gas measuring techniques
352 Exhaust-gas test for type approval
355 Exhaust-gas measuring devices
357 Exhaust-gas measurement in engine development
359 Emissions testing (opacity measurement)