This book provides discussion on the fundaments of the Smart Grid concept and then describes the technologies that are required for its realisation. It allows the reader to engage with the immediate development of the power system and to take part in the debate over the future Smart Grid. The book opens with an overview on understanding the Smart Grid and then is divided into three sections. Section 1 (‘Information and Communications Technologies') covers communication standards for the Smart Grid. Section Two discusses sensing, measurement, control and automation. Smart metering and demand side participation are described in detail, before distribution automation and the distribution management system. The last chapter of this section covers advanced transmission system operation. Section Three looks at power electronic and advanced components.

Contents
About the authors

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of abbreviations



1 The Smart Grid

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Why implement the Smart Grid now?

1.3 What is the Smart Grid?

1.4 Early Smart Grid initiatives

1.5 Overview of the technologies required for the Smart Grid



Part I Information and Communication Technologies

2 Data communication

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Dedicated and shared communication channels

2.3 Switching techniques

2.4 Communication channels

2.5 Layered architecture and protocols



3 Communication technologies for the Smart Grid

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Communication technologies

3.3 Standards for information exchange



4 Information security for the Smart Grid

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Encryption and decryption

4.3 Authentication

4.4 Digital signatures

4.5 Cyber security standards



Part II Sensing, Measurement, Control and Automation Technologies

5 Smart metering and demand-side integration

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Smart metering

5.3 Smart meters: An overview of the hardware used

5.4 Communications infrastructure and protocols for smart metering

5.5 Demand-side integration



6 Distribution automation equipment

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Substation automation equipment

6.3 Faults in the distribution system

6.4 Voltage regulation



7 Distribution management systems

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Data sources and associated external systems

7.3 Modelling and analysis tools

7.4 Applications



8 Transmission system operation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Data sources

8.3 Energy management systems

8.4 Wide area applications

8.5 Visualization techniques



Part III Power Electronics and Energy Storage

9 Power electronic converters

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Current source converters

9.3 Voltage source converters



10 Power electronics in the Smart Grid

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Renewable energy generation

10.3 Fault current limiting

10.4 Shunt compensation

10.5 Series compensation



11 Power electronics for bulk power flows

11.1 Introduction

11.2 FACTS

11.3 HVDC



12 Energy storage

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Energy storage technologies

12.3 Case study 1: Energy storage for wind power

12.4 Case study 2: Agent-based control of electrical vehicle battery charging



References

Index