Bala, Manju, Gupta, Sunita, Gupta, N K  <br/><br/>
Practicals in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 

 - Jodhpur  Scientific Publishers (India)  2013 
 - 194 
<br/><br/> This book provides information on basic experiments on plant physiology and biochemistry. The contents have been divided in two parts i.e. plant physiology and biochemistry. The topics in plant physiology include photosynthesis, transpiration, pigments, respiration, seed germination and nutrient deficiency whereas biochemistry part covers primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, enzymes, vitamins and buffers. Techniques like chromatography, electrophoresis have also been discussed.<br/><br/>Every effort has been made to make the book precise and concise. The theory and principle of each experiment has been provided in the beginning of each experiment to make it easily understandable. It is expected that the book will be useful for students studying plant physiology and biochemistry at undergraduate as well as post graduate level.<br/><br/> 
<br/><br/>PART A - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY<br/><br/>1.  PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS<br/><br/>2.  DETERMINATION OF WATER STATUS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF PLANTS<br/><br/> 2.1. Whole Leaf Method<br/><br/> 2.2. Leaf Disc Method<br/><br/>3.  DETERMINATION OF WATER POTENTIAL<br/><br/> 3.1. Weight Method<br/><br/> 3.2. Chardakov’s Dye Method<br/><br/> 3.3. Measurement of Water Potential by Pressure Chamber Apparatus<br/><br/>4.  CELL MEMBRANE STABILITY TEST<br/><br/>5. MEASUREMENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE USING INFRARED GAS ANALYZER (IRGA)<br/><br/>6.  MEASUREMENT OF TRANSPIRATION<br/><br/> 6.1. Gravimetric Method<br/><br/> 6.2. Cobalt Chloride Method<br/><br/> 6.3. Ganong’s Potometer<br/><br/> 6.4. Steady State Porometer<br/><br/>7.  DETERMINATION OF STOMATAL INDEX AND STOMATAL FREQUENCY IN LEAVES<br/><br/>8.  EFFECT OF PLANT HORMONES ON RATE OF TRANSPIRATION<br/><br/>9.  ESTIMATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN PLANT TISSUES<br/><br/>10.  DETERMINATION OF ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF CHLOROPHYLL<br/><br/>11.  EFFECT OF CYTOKININS ON CHLOROPHYLL RETENTION<br/><br/>12.  SEPARATION OF CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS<br/><br/> 12.1. Separation by Paper Chromatography<br/><br/> 12.2. Separation by Thin Layer Chromatography<br/><br/>13.  MEASUREMENT OF THE RATE OF RESPIRATION USING GANONG’S RESPIROMETER<br/><br/>14.  DETERMINATION OF RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT (RQ) OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESPIRATORY SUBSTRATES<br/><br/>15.  DETERMINATION OF SEED VIABILITY AND VIGOUR TEST<br/><br/> 15.1. Tetrazolium Test<br/><br/> 15.2. Germination Test<br/><br/>16.  EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SEED GERMINATION IN CROP PLANTS<br/><br/>17.  EFFECT OF LIGHT AND KINETIN ON SEED GERMINATION<br/><br/>18.  METHODS OF BREAKING SEED DORMANCY<br/><br/> 18.1. Methods of Breaking Hard–Seededness<br/><br/> 18.2. Methods of Breaking Physiological Dormancy<br/><br/> 18.3. Methods for Removal of Inhibitory Substances<br/><br/>19.  MEASUREMENT OF LEAF AREA<br/><br/> 19.1. Graph Paper Method<br/><br/> 19.2. Paperweight Method<br/><br/> 19.3. Leaf Area Meter<br/><br/>20.  MEASUREMENT OF GROWTH ANALYSIS<br/><br/> 20.1. Relative Growth Rate (RGR)<br/><br/> 20.2. Net Assimilation Rate (NAR)<br/><br/> 20.3. Leaf Area Ratio (LAR)<br/><br/> 20.4. Leaf Weight Ratio (LWR)<br/><br/> 20.5. Specific Leaf Area (SLA)<br/><br/> 20.6. Absolute Growth Rate (AGR)<br/><br/> 20.7. Crop Growth Rate (CGR)<br/><br/> 20.8. Leaf Area Index (LAI)<br/><br/> 20.9. Leaf Area Duration (LAD)<br/><br/> 20.10. Harvest Index<br/><br/>21.  PLANT NUTRITION AND MINERAL DEFICIENCY<br/><br/>PART B - BIOCHEMISTRY<br/><br/>1.  CARBOHYDRATES<br/><br/> 1.1. Molisch’s Test<br/><br/> 1.2. Iodine Test<br/><br/> 1.3. Reduction Test<br/><br/> 1.4. Barfoed’s Test<br/><br/> 1.5. Seliwanoff’s Test<br/><br/> 1.6. Test for Pentoses<br/><br/> 1.7. Hydrolysis Test for Sucrose<br/><br/> 1.8. Methylamine Test for Lactose<br/><br/> 1.9. Osazone Test<br/><br/> 1.10. Tes–tape Test for Glucose<br/><br/> 1.11. Identification Scheme for carbohydates<br/><br/> 1.12. Extraction of Sugars<br/><br/> 1.13. Determination of Total Sugars by Phenol Method<br/><br/> 1.14. Determination of Total Sugars by Anthrone Method<br/><br/> 1.15. Determination of Glucose Content<br/><br/> 1.16. Determination of Total Reducing Sugars<br/><br/> 1.17. Determination of Non-reducing Sugars<br/><br/> 1.18. Determination of Fructose Content<br/><br/> 1.19. Determination of Sucrose Content<br/><br/> 1.20. Determination of Starch Content<br/><br/>2.  AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS<br/><br/> 2.1. Biuret Test<br/><br/> 2.2. Ninhydrin (Triketohydrindene Hydrate) Test<br/><br/> 2.3. Millon’s Test for Hydroxybenzene Ring (Tyrosine)<br/><br/> 2.4. Xanthoproteic Reaction or Yellow Protein Test  (For tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan)<br/><br/> 2.5. Hopkins–Cole –Adam– Kicwicz Reaction (For Tryptophan)<br/><br/> 2.6. Sakaguchi Reaction<br/><br/> 2.7.SulphurTest<br/><br/> 2.8. Coagulation Reaction<br/><br/> 2.9. Precipitation Reaction<br/><br/> 2.10. Determination of Total Soluble Protein<br/><br/> 2.11. Determination of Total Protein by Biuret Method<br/><br/> 2.12. Determination of Total Protein byBradford’s Method<br/><br/> 2.13. Determination of Total Protein by Amido Black Filter Assay<br/><br/> 2.14. Determination of Crude Protein by Kjeldahl Method<br/><br/> 2.15. Estimation of Non-protein Nitrogen<br/><br/> 2.16. NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) Method of protein estimation<br/><br/> 2.17. Determination of Free Amino Acid Content by Ninhydrin Method<br/><br/> 2.18. Determination of Free Proline Content<br/><br/>3.  pH AND BUFFERS<br/><br/> 3.1. Determination of pH of a Buffer<br/><br/> 3.2. Preparation of a Buffer (100 ml) of pH 4.0, given is pka of 4.73<br/><br/> 3.3. Determination of pka<br/><br/>4.  LIPIDS<br/><br/> 4.1. Solubility Test<br/><br/> 4.2. Emulsification<br/><br/> 4.3. Saponification<br/><br/> 4.4. Unsaturation Test<br/><br/> 4.5. Test for Cholesterol and / or sterols<br/><br/> 4.6. Glycerol Test<br/><br/> 4.7. Determination of Iodine Value of Oils<br/><br/> 4.8. Determination of Acid Number of Fats and Oils<br/><br/> 4.9. Determination of Peroxide Value of Fats and Oils<br/><br/> 4.10. Determination of Saponification Number of Fats and Oils<br/><br/> 4.11. Extraction of Lipids from Oilseeds using Soxhlet Method<br/><br/> 4.12. Extraction of Lipids from Oilseeds using Cold Extraction Method<br/><br/> 4.13. Extraction of Lipids from Oilseeds using Cold Percolation Method<br/><br/> 4.14. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy method of oil estimation<br/><br/> 4.15. Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) Spectroscopy method of Oil  Estimation<br/><br/> 4.16. Determination of Unsaponifiable Matter<br/><br/> 4.17. Determination of Phospholipids from the Lipid Sample<br/><br/> 4.18. Determination of Total Free fatty Acids from Fats and Oils<br/><br/> 4.19. Determination of Cholesterol / Sterols<br/><br/> 4.20. Determination of Glycolipids<br/><br/>5.  NUCLEIC ACIDS<br/><br/> 5.1. Extraction of DNA<br/><br/> 5.2. Removal of RNA using RNase Treatment<br/><br/> 5.3. Quantification and Purity of DNA<br/><br/> 5.4. Determination of DNA Content by Diphenylamine Method<br/><br/> 5.5. Determination of RNA Content by Orcinol Method<br/><br/> 5.6. To Amplify the Isolated DNA Sample using PCR<br/><br/>6.  VITAMINS<br/><br/> 6.1. Determination of Vitamin C by Titration Method<br/><br/> 6.2. Determination of Vitamin C by Colorimetric Method<br/><br/> 6.3. Estimation of Total Tocopherols (Vitamin E)<br/><br/>7.  CHROMATOGRAPHY<br/><br/> 7.1. Thin Layer Chromatography<br/><br/> 7.2. Paper Chromatography<br/><br/> 7.3. Gas Liquid Chromatography<br/><br/>8.  ENZYMES<br/><br/> 8.1. Estimation of Amylase Activity in the Given Sample<br/><br/> 8.2. Study the Effect of Temperature on Amylase Activity and Find Out Optimum Temperature for its Activity<br/><br/> 8.3. Determination of Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) Activity<br/><br/> 8.4. Determination of Ascorbate Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) Activity<br/><br/> 8.5. Determination of Glutathione Reductase (EC 1.4.1.2) Activity<br/><br/> 8.6. Determination of Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) Activity<br/><br/> 8.7. Determination of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) Activity<br/><br/> 8.8. Determination of Nitrate Reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) Activity<br/><br/> 8.9. Determination of Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) Activity<br/><br/> 8.10. Determination of Ascorbate Oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3) Activity<br/><br/> 8.11. Determination of β-1, 3-Glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) Activity<br/><br/> 8.12. Determination of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) Activity<br/><br/>9.  SECONDARY METABOLITES<br/><br/> 9.1. Extraction of Metabolites<br/><br/> 9.2. Test for Steroids<br/><br/> 9.3. Test for Tannins<br/><br/> 9.4. Test for Saponins<br/><br/> 9.5. Test for Terpenoids<br/><br/> 9.6. Determination of Total Phenol Content<br/><br/> 9.7. Determination of Flavonoids<br/><br/> 9.8. Determination of Tannins<br/><br/> 9.9. Determination of Gossypol<br/><br/> 9.10. Determination of Capsaicin<br/><br/> 9.11. Determination of Lycopene<br/><br/> 9.12. Determination of Curcumin<br/><br/> 9.13. Determination of Anthocyanins<br/><br/> 9.14. Determination of Total Glucosinolates<br/><br/>10.  ELECTROPHORESIS<br/><br/> 10.1. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE)<br/><br/> 10.2. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>9788172338527 
<br/><br/><label>Publisher. No.: </label> Allied Informatics, Jaipur 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Agriculture
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>571.2  / BAL